Software Requirements Specification free essay sample

Programming Requirements Specification For SYSTEM TO AUTOMATE PAYROLL PROCESSING Team individuals: CH. SAIKIRAN (08R01A0580)- CSE KANTAM RAMESH (08R01A0549)- CSE M. SAIMADHAVI - IT BATCH NO. : 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Conceptual 2. Necessities Specification (RS) 3. Database Fields Specification 4. Working Environment a. Programming Requirements b. Equipment Requirements 5. Significant Level Design 6. Low Level Design a. Login b. Manager c. Assistant d. Representative 7. Database Design 8. Experiments Abstract of the undertaking: Consider a medium estimated IT foundation which deals with its own finance necessities. This task will intend to build up a mechanized framework to pay representatives their month to month compensation. The framework should store worker compensation subtleties and leave remittance. Toward the month's end the framework ought to consequently credit the employee’s financial balance with their pay. Annual expense and advance installments ought to be deducted at source and fitting records credited. Pay slips ought to likewise be created. This framework can be coordinated with Leave and credit frameworks to give an all encompassing answer for the association. We will compose a custom exposition test on Programming Requirements Specification or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Necessities Specification (RS) |No. Prerequisite |Essential or |Description of the Requirement |Remarks | |Desirable | |RS1 |The framework ought to have a login for |Essential |A login box ought to show up when the framework is |The logins are relegated by the | |Administrator | |invoked for Administrator with his/her client |admin. | |name and secret phrase. | |RS2 |The framework ought to have a login for |Essential |A login box ought to show up when the framework is |The logins are doled out by the | |staff. | |invoked for Staff with his/her client name and |admin. | |password. | |RS3 |Data Entry screens to keep up |Essential |Online screens ought to be made with inputs |The data kept up by | |employee data. |from end client. |admin. | |RS4 |Data Entry screens to keep up |Essential |Online screens ought to be made with inputs |The data ought to be | |Allowance data. | |from end client. |maintained by administrator. | |RS5 |Data Entry screens to keep up |Essential |Online screens ou ght to be made with inputs |The data ought to be | |Standard Deductions data. | |from end client. |maintained by administrator. |RS6 |Data Entry screens to keep up |Essential |Online screens ought to be made with inputs |The data ought to be | |Attendance data. | |from end client. |maintained by agent. | |RS7 |Data Entry screens to keep up Other|Essential |Online screens ought to be made with inputs |The data ought to be | |Deductions data. | |from end client. |maintained by | |Staff(clerk/worker). |RS8 |Automatic crediting of worker |Essential |These reports will made when a trigger is | |salary | |initiated by the client | |RS9 |Generation of Salary slip |Desirable |Different Depreciation procedures ought to be| | |evaluated and uilt into the framework. The end | |user ought to be permitted to pick any one. | |RS10 |Generating Salary report |Desirable |Database can keep up the pay reports | Database Fields Specification No. |Field Name |Data Type |Remarks | |1 |Employee Number |Te xt |This is the key field of the database as it is | |unique for a worker. This will likewise fill in as | |the login for the framework. This is an essential key | |2 |Employee Name |Text |Special characters like underscore are not | |allowed. |3 |Email id |Text | |4 |Address |Memo | |5 |Contacts |Number | |6 |Designation |Text |Designation like Clerk, Emp and so forth | |7 |Qualification |Text |This determines the Qualification of a worker | |8 |UName |Text | |9 |PWord |Text | |10 |DOR |Date/Time |Date of enlistment of a representative | |11 |Bsalary |Currency |Fixed sum according to worker | |12 |HRA |Text Primary key | |13 |PPA |Text | |14 |Maint_Allow |Text | |15 |SPL_Allow |Text | |16 |EDU_Allow |Text | |17 |Wash_Allow |Text | |18 |Sun_Allow |Text | |19 |EPF |Text |Primary key | |20 |VPF |Text | |21 |LIC |Text | |22 |Canteen |Text | |23 |Transport |Text | |24 |ITax |Text |According to personal assessment rule | |25 |PTax |Text |Professional Tax is fixed according to strategy | |26 |AttndMonth |Text | Current Attendance month. | |27 |TotalDays |Number | |Total working days of an association for every month. |28 |PrsntDays |Number |Present Days of an Employee in current month. | |29 |AbsntDays |Number |Absent Days of an Employee in current month. | |30 |ExtraDays |Number |Extra working days of an Employee in current | |month | |31 |PayDays |Number |Payable days | |32 |EntryDate |Text |Attendance Entry date. |33 |HomeLoan |Number |25% of Basic pay | |34 |EDULoan |Number |15% of Basic pay | |35 |HealthLoan |Number |5% of Basic pay | Operating Environment: Software Requirement: Operating System: Windows 2000 or Higher Service Pack: 2+ Platform: JAVA Language: HTML, JSP JDBC Database :MS Access Web server : Tomcat server Hardware Requirement (Minimum) Processor: PIV Ram: 128 Mb Hard Disk: 1 GB Monitor: VGA Color (256) High Level/Detailed Design (HLD/DD): a. Login : This module acknowledges the username and secret key which on approval passes the control to the individual module. This checks for the approved clients before signing in. b. Chairman: This module is for the executive who keeps up the data of the representatives each related to extraordinary id numbers. c. Representative: This module is for the staff to keep up the participation of the worker and produce the compensations for that present month. d. Representative: This is for the worker who on signing in can see their essential pay, stipends and standard findings gave by the organization. Low Level Design The framework is part in to its plan segments. For every one of the parts, we give data in the accompanying organization: 1. Login Module: This module acknowledges the username and secret key which on approval passes the control to the separate module. This checks for the approved clients before signing in. 2. Overseer Module: This module is for the executive who keeps up the data of the representatives each related to one of a kind id numbers. Their fundamental pay, stipend and standard finding rates are indicated by the executive. He can see the compensation reports of the chose representative for that month and for the given time frame. He can keep up the accompanying data a. Worker information set by head b. Set Allowances c. Set Standard reasonings. d. View Other conclusions. e. View Attendance information. f. View Salary Slip. 3. Representative: This module is for the staff to keep up the participation of the worker and produce the pay rates for that present month. The pay reports for that month and over the given time frame can be seen by the staff. He can likewise see the worker data with stipend and Standard reasoning. Also, he can see the other finding and pay reports. He can keep up the accompanying data a. View Employee information. b. View Allowances data c. View Standard findings. d. Set Other derivations. e. Set Attendance data. f. Get ready Salary Slip. 4. Worker: This is for the representative who on signing in can see their essential compensation, recompenses and standard reasonings gave by the organization. They can determine their different reasonings like Insurance, home advances and so forth which are to be deducted from the present month compensation. These subtleties are to be give by the representative before the compensation date. Worker can likewise see the participation data, compensation slip and pay data. He can keep up the accompanying data a. View Employee information b. View Allowances c. View Standard findings. d. Set Other conclusions. e. View Attendance data. f. View Salary Slip. 5. Mix with leave and credit framework if previously existing, else make screens to enter in leave and advance subtleties. 6. Credit Employee financial balances electronically. 7. Create electronic or printed copies of pay slips. 8. Empower clients to alter annual expense subtleties as these may change much of the time. In general USECASE DIAGRAM FOR PAYROLL SYSTEM: [pic] USECASE DIAGRAM FOR STAFF: [pic] USECASE DIAGRAM FOR ADMIN: [pic] USECASE DIAGRAM FOR EMPLOYEE: [pic]ACTIVITY DIAGRAM FOR PAYROLL: [pic] CLASS DIAGRAM FOR PAYROLL SYSTEM: [pic] Sequence and Collaboration Diagram for Login: [pic] Employee Info: [pic] Allowances: [pic]c [pic] Standard Deductions: [pic] Attendance Info: [pic] OtherDeductions: [pic] [pic]Database Design: Employee table |No. Field Name |Data type |Remarks | |1 |Employee Number |Number |This is the key field of the database as it is | |unique for a representative. This will likewise fill in as | |the login for the framework. | |2 |Employee Name |Text |Special characters like underscore are not | |allowed. |3 |Address |Text | |4 |Contacts |Number | |5 |EMail |Text | |6 |Designati on |Text |This determines the assignment in organization | |7 |Qualification |Text |This indicates the Qualification of a representative | |8 |DOR |Date/Time |Date of enlistment of a worker | |9 |Bsalary |Currency |Fixed sum according to representative | |10 |UName |Text | |11 |PWord |Text | |12 |Status |Text | Allowance Table: |No. |Field Name |Data type |Remarks | |1 |HRA |Number |Primary key. |2 |EDU_Allow |Number | |3 |Maint_Allow |Number | |4 |SPL_Allow |Number | |5 |Wash_Allow |Number | |6 | Sun_Allow |Number | Standard Deductions Table: |No. |Field Name |Data type |Remarks | |1 |EPF |Number |Primary key. |2 |VPF |Number | |3 |LIC |Number | |4 |Canteen |Number | |5 |ITax |Number |According to annual expense rule | |6 |PTax |Number |Professional Tax is fixed according to strategy | Attendance Table: |No. Field Name |Data type |Remarks | |1 |EmpNo |Number |This is the key field of the database all things considered

English grammar free essay sample

Peruse the section given underneath: and answer the inquiries a, b, c, and d that follow: [25] A rundown of questions on email requests that beneficiaries name the world’s most extravagant man in 2008; the victor of the world’s golf title in 2007; the creator of the main rockets; the maker of the primary bike, etc? developing a move call of achievers who left their blemish on humanity. It finished with, â€Å"Who was the educator who helped you to appreciate school and whom you recollect most strikingly? † I don’t know a solitary beneficiary of the email who addressed a solitary one of the inquiries with the exception of the last. At the end of the day, everyone’s most extraordinary individual was a supportiveand empowering educator whose riches, notoriety and social standing did not matter by any stretch of the imagination. What the thankful understudy got was past assessment since what the educator gave most uninhibitedly was simply the valuable endowment of the. We will compose a custom exposition test on English syntax or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page It was not only information to finish an assessment that they gave their understudies however a comprehension of the estimation of information itself and an adoration for it. Incredible instructors try to frame, not only advise their understudies. Today, when educating (particularly showing small kids who have not figured out how to compose) is not, at this point a pined for calling, I wish we could all compensation a quiet tribute to the many darken people who formed our lives and requested so little consequently. Doubtlessly, a great educator has the right to be known as a deva on the grounds that the genuine importance of the word is â€Å"the sparkling one†. Consistently, picking a day when it isn't working, my cousin visits his old fashioned. The structure and compound are a lot of equivalent to they were the point at which he was an understudy, so the feeling of venturing once again into the past is incredible. He moves from study hall to homeroom following the specific movement his understudy chart had taken him the greater part a century back, and pays a quiet tribute to every one of the educators, strongly reviewing those ruined refined men whose closets had barely held multiple shirts. What despite everything moves him is the memory of the consideration they had taken in the lives and progress of each understudy, empowering every one of them and managing each youngster to give a valiant effort to say the very least. A drop in focus or execution prompted the â€Å"master† approaching the child’s guardians to enquire if there was something incorrectly at home which the kid discovered upsetting or couldn't adapt to; not many homes had telephones back then and regardless of whether they did, a teacher would positively not have had the option to manage the cost of a call. In this way, umbrella held high, he would walk those additional miles. My first instructor was a grinning and exceptionally delicate lady named Mrs. Delamose, whose name my sibling and I rehashed again and again to take care of business with the goal that we may welcome her effectively: â€Å"delamosedelamosedelamose†. I despite everything review her dim eyes, and enchanting abnormal grin with black out dashes of lipstick strange, as she drove us through Songs the Letters Sing. She was a genuine educator who accepted that each and every youngster is exceptional and that there is nothing of the sort as a unintelligent kid I owe my calling to her. a) Give the importance of the accompanying words as utilized in the entry: [3] 1. Strong

Life Plan Strategies for Busy People

Life Plan Strategies for Busy People Stress Management Management Techniques Time Management Print Life Plan Strategies for Busy People By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Updated on August 12, 2019 Clearing your to do list is challen. desifoto/Getty Images More in Stress Management Management Techniques Time Management Physical Techniques Relaxation Effects on Health Situational Stress Job Stress Household Stress Relationship Stress Do you need a new life plan? Is your schedule packed, and your to-do list approaching a page or more in length? This level of busyness is becoming increasingly common. In fact, despite the wide assortment of time-saving devices now available, people are busier now than they were decades ago when we were less efficient with our time. While many people say that theyd like to be less busy, its often difficult to form a new life plan, know exactly how to pare down a schedule and which activities to cut out -- everything is important, right? Here are some concepts to keep in mind when deciding how to trim down your schedule. Get in Touch With Your Values This is a popular exercise thats widely used with life coaches because its so effective: make a list of your core values, the top few things that are most important to you. (Many people say family, health, and things like that.) Then look at all the activities that fill your schedule. Consider removing any activity thats not in line with a core value. Visualize the Life You Want Heres another approach involving the law of attraction, which can also be highly effective. Imagine the life that you want. Imagine it in detail, focusing more on your desires than on how hard you think it would be to realize them. Get a picture thats both realistic and exciting to you. Now, look at that list of activities again, eliminating things that dont add to that vision, and adding activities that do. The key here is to maintain the vision of the life you want and make decisions based on that. List Your Trade-Offs When saying, yes to new activities, people dont always stop to think about what they are saying no to as a result. Because of the limited number of hours in a day, each activity you choose to take on will eliminate a different choice. You can pare down your schedule by keeping this in mind. With each activity you find yourself doing over the course of a week, ask yourself if theres something else that youd rather be doing that would better serve you. Would you get more out of working out than watching television? Would you rather be spending time with your kids than doing a favor for that ungrateful acquaintance? Stay conscious about your choices for a week, and you should find yourself knowing exactly what needs to change. Consolidate Activities While multi-tasking isnt as productive as once thought, there are some effective ways to combine or streamline activities without detracting too much from your goals. For example, while you cant talk on the phone and write an email at the same time without being less articulate at both tasks, its easy to save time by talking on the phone while you clean. The key to successful activity consolidation is to pair a thought-intensive activity with one thats more physical, or one that you can do on auto-pilot. Its a good idea to bear in mind which activities require full attention and which require less mental concentration when finding two to combine. Take Shortcuts Is there a way you can cut corners without cutting quality? For example, can you use pre-cooked ingredients while making dinner, put your sprinklers on a timer, or streamline tasks at work? If you really make it a point to look for such shortcuts, youll likely start seeing them everywhere. Use Stress Management Strategies When were too stressed, we dont always think clearly; sometimes we feel trapped and overwhelmed. If your stress response is constantly triggered, you may operate from emergency mode, reacting to demands without really thinking instead of proactively seeking out simplified solutions. Also, chronic stress can impact your health and emotional wellness, creating even more problems. While youre working on creating a new life plan, its important to include stress management techniques in the mix! You can start with these quick stress relief techniques, and add in some of these healthy lifestyle habits, too.

Emile Durkheim And Karl Marx Essay - 1709 Words

The division of labor is a complex phenomenon that is characterized by varying aspects of an individual’s social connection to the society in which they reside. The Division of labor is a broad process that affects and influences many aspects of life such as political, judicial, and administrative functions (Bratton Denham, 2014). Two of the main sociological theorists, Karl Marx and Emile Durkheim, had different understandings of the notion about the division of labor. This topic has been contested and debated by many theorists but this paper is going to focus on how Emile Durkheim and Karl Marx views this topic. Karl Marx views the division of labor as a process that alienates the individual from their work (Llorente, 2006). Marx also views the division of labor as a way for the capitalist bourgeoisie to take advantage of the wage labor of the proletariat. Emile Durkheim identifies with Marx in the economic sense that the division of labor furthers the rationalization and bureaucratization of labor, but differs in that the division of labor provides individuals in society with social solidarity and ensures their connection to society. This paper is going to reflect on some of the aspects in which Emile Durkheim and Karl Marx view the division of labor, while showing some of the similarities and differences between the two theorists conception of the topic. Karl Marx had different views about the division of labor such as how it increases productivity. The way how itShow MoreRelatedEmile Durkheim And Karl Marx746 Words   |  3 PagesEmile Durkheim and Karl Marx are considered the founding fathers of sociology. Both men had an influence on the development of sociology. Marx and Durkheim differed in their idea of what alienation consisted of. For Marx, the issue was class conflict. While, for Durkheim, it was a disordered society trying to adapt. Although they both had different concepts of alienation, both men believed that alienation lead to a manâ €™s disconnectedness with society and their natural state of mind. Durkheim andRead MoreKarl Marx And Emile Durkheim Essay1976 Words   |  8 Pages Writing in the late 19th and early 20th century, during a drastic period of change, Karl Marx and Emile Durkheim, two of sociology’s most renowned thinkers, challenged multiple facets of the capitalist social structures in which they found themselves. Marx, a conflict theorist, and Durkheim, a functionalist, sought to analyze and explain capitalist society. In this brief analysis, their theories regarding the will be compared, contrasted, and critically engaged with - highlighting the differencesRead MoreKarl Marx And Emile Durkheim1149 Words   |  5 Pages Is society created by class conflicts or by religious teachings? Karl Marx and Emile Durkheim opine in a polarizing fashion on the framework and functioning of a society; one asserts that conflict shapes society, the other argues that society is a product cohesion due t o the presence of the quintessential social fact, religion. Religion fosters a collective conscious on grounds of shared beliefs and values, argues Durkheim. Marx, on the other hand, claims that social classes and the conflict betweenRead MoreKarl Marx And Emile Durkheim1316 Words   |  6 Pagessurvive. However, all of that had changed when Capitalism and industrialization have been introduced to the world. Karl Marx and Emile Durkheim had different views on what the important aspects are that made up â€Å"modern† society. To Marx, the conflict between the classes and the division of labour caused social structures, which, as a result, caused alienation, which, according to Marx, are important aspects of modern society. With Capitalism came along industrialization, which required workers andRead MoreEmile Durkheim vs. Karl Marx1689 Words   |  7 Pages------------------------------------------------- Emile Durkheim vs. Karl Marx Durkheim vs. Marx Introduction: For so many years, authorities from each field have deliberated normative theories to explain what holds the society together. Almost each specialist, from structural functionalism, positivism and conflict theory perspective, had contributed their works trying to illustrate main problematic to our society. In one way, one of the Emile Durkheim’s famous work is â€Å"division of labor† whichRead MoreEssay on Perspectives of Emile Durkheim and Karl Marx1215 Words   |  5 PagesPerspectives of Emile Durkheim and Karl Marx The seventeenth and eighteenth centuries were full of evolving social and economic ideas. These views of the social structure of urban society came about through the development of ideas taken from the past revolutions. As the Industrial Revolution progressed through out the world, so did the gap between the class structures. The development of a capitalist society was a very favorable goal for the upper class. By using advanced methods of productionRead MoreKarl Marx, Max Weber And Emile Durkheim1447 Words   |  6 Pageswill be a part of culture and society. Karl Marx, Max Weber, and Emile Durkheim are the top three most important figures in sociology; and although each of them viewed religion differently, I strongly believe that they understood its power, and demonstrated its importance to people and societies. As such, I will utilize all three of these great minds, to demonstrate religion as an important and permanent part of culture and society. Let s begin with Karl Marx, and his conflict theory. AccordingRead MoreKarl Marx, Emile Durkheim And Max Weber929 Words   |  4 Pagespeople did not have in the past such as getting food from the grocery store instead of having to find food on our own. Society was originally focused on a single belief, but now our society has expanded and several beliefs are now common. Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, and Max Weber all have their own observations on social change and order and how certain things dramatically affect the outcome of a society. Marx’s view on social change is influenced by the class struggle that involved the rulingRead MoreComparison Between Karl Marx And Emile Durkheim1501 Words   |  7 Pagesurban theorists as found in Chapter 1 of the course text. (300-400 words) The two theorists i’ve decided to compare and contrast are Karl Marx and Emile Durkheim. Firstly i’ll compare them to one another. From all the readings I did and past education on these individuals I found they have a lot of the same views in regards to religion. Both Emlie Durkheim and Karl Marx believe that religion is a projection of mans hopes and desires. They both also agree that religion plays a powerful role in influencingRead MoreEmile Durkheim, Karl Marx And Max Weber1827 Words   |  8 Pages Emile Durkheim, Karl Marx and Max Weber are considered to be three canon social theorists who laid the foundation of sociology and contributed, in detailed accounts, the fundamentals of study of society. Each theorist belongs to a different school of thought and presents separate theories on how societies work. While there are bits and parts that might seem similar in each theorist’s social theory, each theorist largely differs from each other. Durkheim, Marx and Weber, among other things, also

What Every Body Is Saying About Essay Topics about Imperialism in Bc Is Dead Wrong and Why

What Every Body Is Saying About Essay Topics about Imperialism in Bc Is Dead Wrong and Why The similarities and differences between the 2 periods ought to be woven together to make a bigger statement about the effect of Buddhism on world history. Or the paper might concentrate on medical discoveries, like the polio vaccine or penicillin. The essay part of the test is provided a grade value from 0 to 8. Based on the college, some counselors give printed score reports along with the on-screen report you get at the close of the test. Details of Essay Topics about Imperialism in Bc Thus, your guidance counselor will be in a position to inform you which courses you might or might not have the capacity to take based on your ACCUPLACER scores. An excessive amount of money isn't a good thing. Write a list of ideas you've got or a list of things you're interested in. Make your list as long as feasible take a brief break. Essay Topics about Imperialism in Bc Options The fact ther e are an amazing many folks, like this writer, that are interested in these subjects means nothing to an elitist like Colavito. These people survived to be able to continue human life. Every family needs to have a all-natural disaster survival program. Wealthy individuals might have a head-start in life and if you'd like to call that opportunity, then fine. Vital Pieces of Essay Topics about Imperialism in Bc Through advertising, businesses can get their goods or services known by the public which then promotes sales. 1 World Currency With the evolution of global communication, the world will become smaller. It's more a term for those professionals. Though this is undoubtedly a good deal of information to study, it's important to understand that long-term trends are somewhat more important than small particulars. There's plenty if useful information regarding the Web. Advertising to just put is the promotion of products and services. Your response needs to be informed by your background knowledge in world history, but it ought to be finalized by means of your comprehension of the given context. Who Else Wants to Learn About Essay Topics about Imperialism in Bc? Deciding upon the most suitable essay topic can at times be rather tough. Think of the subject of the history essay you've already written before. If you would like to write a superior history essay you'd better pick a topic that is familiar to you. If you wish to compose an essay about American Imperialism, there's tons of helpful information below. Keep in mind, if you're writing an argument about whether they really existed, you are going to want to present evidence to strengthen your argument but will also will need to deal with the counterargument. Thus, writing a history paper will surely be fun, if you only opt for a really intriguing history essay topic. Nonetheless, it is crucial if you would like to compose a fantastic essay or a research paper and find a high grade for it. Perhaps you simply do not know the subject well enough, and that's the reason you can't locate the idea for your history essay. Life After Essay Topics about Imperialism in Bc Textbooks ought to be free. Life is much better than it was 50 decades ago. Students ought to be permitted to pray in school. School tests aren't powerful. The Start of Essay Topics about Imperialism in Bc Books ought never to be banned. Every American should learn how to speak English. He should learn to speak Spanish. Essay Topics about Imperialism in Bc: No Lon ger a Mystery Gun ownership ought to be tightly controlled. Employing advanced technology, they had the ability to discover a lost city, which is an important discovery regardless of the simple fact it is by no means clear that it's the White City of legend or for that issue just how big the website will prove to be. Since that time, a fantastic many writers and adventurers, as well as two or three archaeologists, have become interested in locating this White City. Your very first idea is nearly always very likely to be too significant. You might also examine 1 religion more closely (like Buddhism, Confucianism, or Christianity) and examine the way the religion differs in numerous elements of earth. All beliefs are sacred and should be respected. There are a lot of people online that are engaged in exposing the falsity of this nonsense. The effect of Imperialism on people's lives and basic welfare. How to Get Started with Essay Topics about Imperialism in Bc? Irrespective of how the civil war of Nigeria has ended, there continue to be internal political wars happening in the nation. Till today, the nation is still experiencing the effect of the war. In the calendar year 1960, Nigeria was officially provided independence. This idea works due to the belief that America is a really exceptional nation. As if they weren't enough, the Britain went further to the degree of taking Nigerians from their very own country to foreign countries for slavery. It was also important they maintain their control to keep different powers from acquiring a foothold. For part (c), you would have to provide an illustration of how increased militarism in Japan affected relationships with different countries at the start of the 20th century. A Secret Weapon for Essay Topics about Imperialism in Bc Teens should have the ability to select their bedtime. Snow days are excellent for family quality time. Silence reigned for the remainder of the ride back to school.

Mungo Man Free Essays

History Assignment – Mungo Man The discoveries at Lake Mungo are potentially the most important discoveries made in Australia, if not the world. The skeletal remains uncovered a world that we know very little about. They gave us an insight to the burial practices of the earliest people for both males and females of the time. We will write a custom essay sample on Mungo Man or any similar topic only for you Order Now The skeletal remains were subject to numerous forms of dating, but primarily radiocarbon dating or C-14 dating. Mungo I also known as Mungo woman or LM1 was the first skeleton to be discovered at the site. In 1968 geologist Jim Bowler was conducting research on the Willandra Lakes region, more specifically Lake Mungo. His original intention for the site was to study the Pleistocene layers of the area, looking at the ancient geography of the land. However in one of the lunettes (extended, crescent shaped sand ridges) he happened to notice a bone fragment protruding from an exposed calcrete block. Upon closer inspection he realised that it was not animal but human. Bowler marked the site with a peg for further excavation by archaeologists. Similarly in 1974 Jim also discovered Mungo III/LM3, this time dubbed Mungo Man. His skeleton was discovered after a prolonged period of rain in 1973. The rain has eroded the outer layers of the dirt to reveal a carbonated human skull. These remains were discovered just some 500m from the site of Mungo I. Again marked and excavated later on by archaeologist. Mungo I was the remains of a woman. She was described as a gracile woman, with fine bones and features. She was not found as a whole intact skeleton, rather 175 bone fragments. It was concluded that she was cremated; the charring of the bone fragments supported this theory. From this primary evidence we can hypothesise that the people of the time believed in the ritual passing of an individual, that the deceased should have a physical recognition of the change between the worldly life and the afterlife. We can also guess that from this they had some sort of belief system. Mungo III is an example of how the people of his time treated the males in the society. Instead of the cremation seen in Mungo Woman, this male, again gracile in appearance was instead buried in the ground. Again there is evidence of a ritual burial in the way he was laid. His hands were clasped together and red ochre sprinkled over the body. This arrangement of the body again demonstrates a belief in passing to another world by making the body presentable to this other world. There were numerous ways that the remains have been dated. By using the dated layers that the bones were found in and C-14 dating we are able to get a fairly accurate estimate of when these people were buried. Other ways included electron spin resonance dating, uranium-thorium dating, optically stimulated luminescence dating and thermoluminescence dating. Paleoanthropologists, or people who specialise in studying ancient humans by looking at human fossil primary evidence carried all of these dating methods out. When first discovered in 1968 and 1974 Jim Bowler was able to use his own scientific field of geomorphology. By using the already dated layers that the bones were found in he was able to produce and estimate time of burial. He estimated the bones of LM1 to be around 40,000 years ago and LM3 to around 32,000 years ago. He was able compare the strata of the area and the two skeletons to come up with these estimations. Archaeologists soon came in in the years following each discovery to uncover the remains. After Archaeologists had removed the bones they were handed over to paleoanthropologists and aboriginal peoples for proper testing. The first and most commonly known dating method that they used on the skeletons was radiocarbon or C-14 dating. The second way that archaeologists were able to date the Lake Mungo remains was by electron spin resonance dating. Also known as ESR dating, this method of dating the archaeologist/scientist looks to the radiation damage of bones (mostly teeth) by looking at the amount of radiation an object has been subject to whilst under ground. ESR dating works best on animal teeth so even though the results are still plausible it provided a much larger date area. The results reached showed the conclusion that the bones were around 31, 000 years old for Mungo Man give or take 7, 000 years. This of course would bring the reliability of this method down. Another dating technique they used on the skeletal remains was uranium-thorium dating. Instead of looking at how much of a particular substance is missing uranium-thorium dating records the accumulation of equilibrium between the isotope thorium-230 and its radioactive parent uranium-234. It is useful for determining the age of objects containing calcium carbonate, like bone. This was combined with optically stimulated luminescence dating, where you uncover when the material was last exposed to light to bring an estimate of 62,000 years ago for Mungo III Â ± 6,000 years. This caused controversy and confusion though as the surrounding earth was dated only to 43,000 years. This questions the reliability of these results as not all the facts interlink with each other. While individually these dating methods are quite reliable combined they produce relatively farfetched results. Thermoluminescence dating works in a similar way to optically stimulated luminescence dating in that it measures when it was last exposed to light but also when it was last exposed to heat. By using this technique the bones were dated to no more than 24,600 Â ±2,400 years but no less than 43,300 Â ±3,800 years ago. How to cite Mungo Man, Papers

The meaning of freedom today

Introduction In the contemporary society, people consider freedom a basic need in that person who is not free must be in a rough co-existence with him and others. It is therefore very important to exalt freedom, which begins with personal liberty to the sovereignty of nations. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The meaning of freedom today specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The extent to which a person can be free as well as the exact definition of freedom has been subjected to philosophical discourses from time immemorial with renowned philosophers such as Karl Marx, Michael Foucault and Jean Paul Sartre having differing arguments in the matter. According to the school of thought that each one of them represented, the idea of freedom to them bears differing definitions and extends. In order to come up with an agreeable and logical definition of freedom as it is in the contemporary society, people have critically an alyzed the input of these philosophers and their definition of freedom in this paper with the intention of clearly understanding what freedom is according to the schools of thought they represent today. As I reveal, the exact meaning of freedom must comprise of the different aspects such as personal liberty, the right to life, equality and independence from coercion and repressive conditions such as poverty, ignorance and diseases. Any meaning of freedom is wanting if it does not address the issue of personal liberty. Personal freedom Freedom starts with a sense of self-control or rather self-ownership. In this case, reason influences the person’s sense of freedom. In a free state, every person receives an equal chance of exercising freedom at personal level. In this case, no other person influences another’s decisions and the extent to which he/she makes decisions remains strictly limited by him/her. This is in other words to say that in a free state a personâ€℠¢s freedom is not limited as long as it does not impact negatively or limit the freedom of the other people. For instance, a person’s freedom cannot include enslaving other people. As a slave, a person is not free to make certain decisions, movements and interactions with other people in the society. In a free state therefore, a person is not entitle to take the freedom of another person for personal interests since it is against their wish to be treated so. My fellow panelist Sartre concurs with my view of freedom despite his limited definition of the freedom.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Sartre’s existentialist definition of freedom According to Jean Paul Sartre, man is condemned to be free. This is without regard to whether he acts from external constraints to repress it or just follows his pragmatic decisions. A person is free when s/he refuses to act in bad fa ith and instead follow what he is. For instance, when the waiter who knows really well that he is impersonating a waiter stops that and instead does what his freedom grants, he is at that particular moment embracing freedom. By being a waiter, the person is only denying his or her own freedom. According to existentialism, one cannot claim that external forces shape his/her deeds or actions. For instance, the profession of a person cannot shape the person’s identity considering that the roles played in that profession are only as a matter of bad faith and will eventually cease. Being aware of one’s significance in the process of doing the roles in the profession inform the choices that a person makes and that seem directed to the person’s sense of freedom. However, I stand to criticize his definition based on how limited it appears. Sartre, as well as other existentialists, concentrates more on the intrinsic definition of self-freedom rather than giving a defin ition and an extent to freedom that one can put into practice in the contemporary society. He does not clarify whether a person is free or not clearly defined in that existentialists hold that in every situation a person has still the freedom of choice. Having the freedom of choice is not that important and does not qualify as being the absolute meaning of being free. This is basically for the simple reason that even a person who is enslaved by another has the freedom to choose either to rebel or to show complicity but that does not mean that they are free. In the contemporary society, a person is only free if any other person or condition can implement his /her thoughts and choices without any repression. The issue of equality of freedom constitutes the meaning of freedom.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The meaning of freedom today specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Equality and independence Equality is very e ssential in any situation for a person to be free in the contemporary society. This ranges from political, sexual, racial as well as religious equality. For people to consider another as free in a free state, he/she must go through an equal treatment with others regardless of their gender or any other affiliations. When a person is marginalized on the any of the above areas, their freedom is interfered with and eventually the person is deprived the necessity of being free. With equality comes independence in making decisions as well as living without any coercion from anyone. This implies that the different types of independence that Karl Marx and others who embrace the Marxist school of thought argued mostly about. Karl Marx on freedom Karl Marx in his Manifesto of the communist party conceptualizes freedom from an economic point of view. Marx conceptualizes freedom from an individualistic point of view whereby he argues that freedom is an individual’s collective use of re ason to create a reconciled definition of personal and public freedom. From this, Marx argues that a person who exercises freedom at the expense of the masses abuses it since the freedom of the majority is the one that matters. For instance, a person who owns means of production and abuses his employees for the sake of enriching himself and expanding his financial freedom by enriching himself is infringing the freedom of the others. It is therefore clear from his arguments that Marx’s view of freedom is more informed by the social relations of people in the society. He argues that for a state to be termed as free there has to be a revolution whereby the proletariat overpower the bourgeoisie and own the means of production. In that case, the majority would be free in that they will be in a position to cope with life without the fear of being oppressed by a powerful ruling class. However, I stand to criticize the view based on its one-sidedness.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Marx’s idea of the masses overpowering the ruling class, as a necessary precondition for their freedom, is one sided and has failed to hold on for a long time. This stands out because he fails to address other important aspects such as equality, the addressing of human rights and the dealing with other factors that lead to the oppression of people. His address however on the issue of economic oppression holds until today as evidenced by workers rising up against their oppressive employers in the contemporary society and demanding for a fair exchange for their labor. This is because a person’s freedom seems abused if he/she faces oppression in any given situation. The practice of freedom The fact that in order to be completely free one must keenly be aware of the limits of his/her freedom is a very important factor to consider when defining freedom in the society today. This is in the sense that other people’s freedom is as important as your freedom. A question arises as to whether a person has or should have the right to defend him/herself against coercion. This brings forth a quite interesting aspect of freedom regarded as the freedom of defense. In most Free states where freedom of people seems held with dignity, always a system acts to differentiate acts of coercion as either offensive or defensive. In this case, whether a person acted in an effort to defend him/herself or was interfering with another’s rights is established. Foucault’s meaning today’s of freedom is wanting based on its failure to explain how one can free him/herself. Michael Foucault on freedom According to Michael Foucault, being free is a practice of the different practices of freedom. To him it is therefore a continuous process. Foucault emphasizes more on the practices of freedom over the process of liberation. He argues that it the practices of freedom that eventually upholds freedom rather than the process of liberation. For instance, he uses the example of a colonized nation, which liberates itself from the colonizers. The society would still be in need of practices of freedom as they engage in building their own government. One can clearly notice that Foucault’s works are in a way, skeptical about the extent to which people can free themselves. If people cannot stand out of the constraints of relations of power, knowledge and subjectivity, then to him their practices of freedom are simply on a small notion of resistance from within. Conclusion In order to answer the question of what one exactly means by ‘being free’ in the contemporary society, it is of great essence to be all-round while addressing the aspects of freedom. The problem with the definitions and the answers that philosophers Karl Marx, Michael Foucault and Jean Paul Sartre presents is that they are in most cases one sided whereby they all aimed at addressing a single aspect within the complex issue of freedom. Therefore, it is ar guable that one can summon their arguments to contribute to the broad definition of today’s freedom. This essay on The meaning of freedom today was written and submitted by user Lauryn T. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.